For readers who are unfamiliar with old Japanese Lacquer, I suspect you will be thinking of the typical modern Lacquer trays and bowls that are mass-produced. These items are very decorative, but completely fail to compare with the magnificent earlier hand made works.

From China to Japan
Lacquer is really the sap from a tree known as Rhus Vernicifera’. The Chinese were the first to discover and use it, at least a century before Christ, when it was used as a paint, and more often as a preservative. It was a very effective preservative, as many pieces still exist from as far back as the Han period 206BC, when Lacquer was very popular and in extensive use.

The earliest known Japanese Lacquer dates back to about the 7th Century, but it was not until the 14th and 15th century that the Japanese Lacquer works became so much more decorative. By then they had refined and created exceptional techniques, far finer and more beautiful than the Chinese lacquer that they had simply originally copied.

The Chinese had used shades of black, brown, yellow, green, and mostly red or cinnabar Lacquer. They mainly favoured deep carving of the Lacquer, to form the decoration, and produced some outstanding work.

They often applied the colours in layers, so that once carved, these colours would be revealed. One particular technique is known as Guri’ Lacquer: the colours mostly red and black were built up in layers, and then a geometric or symmetrical pattern would be carved with a deep V’ shaped cut, so that all these alternating layers would be revealed within the cuts. The Chinese also painted, incised and inlaid Lacquer with iridescent pieces of shell, but these works were treasured by the Japanese often more so, than by the Chinese.
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Ray Sayeed Ray Raihan Sayeed commenced his college education in the fall of 2010 at Loyola University Chicago in Illinois, and he currently majors in both pre-med and business.
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The fascination with gold continued to peak in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries where vast quantities of gold were taken from the new world and sent back to Europe by the Spanish. In 1848 during digging for a sawmill’s water wheel in California a discovery of the first major amount of gold was found that caused the Gold Rush of 1849. The rush only lasted until 1853 in which an estimated 500 million in gold was found. Australia had their gold rush in 1851 and South Africa in 1880′s. The current largest mine in the western hemisphere is in Lead, South Dakota which was opened in 1877 and still brings in 18 million in gold per year. Currently South African mines are the highest producing in the world at 296 tonnes per year followed by Australia at 293 tonnes and the US at 292 tonnes per year.

The oldest know jewelry is dated to 3500 B.C. unearthed in Bulgaria which were small figurines and the artifacts of ancient Egypt dated at about this time. The greatest gold artists known were the ancient Egyptians, mining their medium from the desert, and Nubia, and panning it from the Nile river.

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